Concrete pile and method of making the same.



PATENTED NGV. 28, 1905.

P. SHUMAN. GONGRETE PVILE AND METHOD 0F MAKING THE SAME APPLICATION FILED JAN UNITED STATES' vrnrinn OFFICE.

FRANK SHUMAN, OF` PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. l

CONCRETE PILE ANDVNIETHODOF, MAKING THE SAME.

. Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 28, 1905.

Application filed January 9, 1905- Serial No. 240,289.

T a/ZZ whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, FRANK SHUMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing in 'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Concrete Piles and in the Formation of the Same, of which the following is a specification.

The .obj ect of my invention is to provide an extremely-strong concrete pile intended especially for use in the construction of wharves,

docks, or other work which is partly under water or in unstable ground, although the pile is also available for general use, if desired. In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a longitudinal sectional view of a pile constructed in accordance with my invention. Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are views illustrating successive stages in the formation of said pile. Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view on the line a a,"Fig. l and Fig. 6is a sectional plan view on the line b b, Fig. 1.

The pile shown in Fig. l may form part of a wharf or other structure, the upper portion of the pile, which is within and above the water and in the unstable portion of the bottom of the waterway,'being of lesser diameter than the lower portion of the pile, which is containedV in the stable ground, said contracted upper portion of the pile being provided with a casing 1, of sheet metal or other available material, which serves during the formation of the pile to confine the mass of concrete constituting the upper portion of the same andwhich also serves asa permanent or temporarysheathing for said upper portion of the completed ile.` -Within the contracted upper portion o the pile and also extending down into the enlarged lower portion of the same to any desired extent is a Vmetallic reinforce consisting in the present instance of a'tubular cage composed of vertical rods 8, connected together at suitable intervals by means of wire rings 4, engaging said rods, ,although other forms of metallic reinforce may, if desired, be used in carrying out my invention. For instance, ,a tube composed of woven `wire or of the material known as ployed.

In forming a concrete pile accordance with my invention I may use a hollow Apreparatory pile having either a valvedlowerend or a detachable point to the left in the bottom of the opening formedby said, preparatory pile or a removable point to be withdrawn expanded metal may be emthrough the pile, so that as said hollow preparatory pile is withdrawn from the opening formed thereby the concrete of which the pr'eparatory pile 5 as provided with a valved l point consisting of pivoted and swingingmembers 6, which when closed form a tapering point on the pile, the valved members occupying this position during the driving of the preparatory pile, as shown in Fig. 2.

After the preparatory pile has been driven to the proper depth the same is slowly or intermittently withdrawn and the concrete is fed through the same while it is being withdrawn, the members of the valved point swinging open, as shownin Fig'. 3, in order to permit of the passage of the concrete between them.'

When that point in the formation of the pile is reached at which' the metallic reinforce is to be inserted, said. reinforce is properly located within the hollow preparatory pile, and the withdrawal of the latter is proceeded with, the concrete being now fed in through the metallic reinforce, the meshes or openings of which are large enough to permit of the passage of the concrete laterally through them, so that as the formation of the pile proceeds the metallic reinforce will be embedded in the mass of concrete, as shown =in Fig. 4. v When the formation of the pile approaches the unstable ground constitutin the bottom of the Waterway, the sheet-meta tube or casing 1 is inserted into the pre aratory pile, as shown in Fig. 4, so that it retain the concrete during the further withdrawal of thepreparatory pile and .during the'building of the pile above the level of the bottom of the waterway the casing also constituting, if desired, a sheathing for the upper portion of the finished pile. Y

If-desired, the casing l may be secured in any suitable manner to the reinforcing structure 3 and inserted with the latter.

Where the pile is formed in stable ground,

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the use of the'casing l will not be necessary, f

my invention. For instance, the prepara- IIO tory pile may be open at the lower end and may be sunk in the ground by washing or otherwise removing the earth from within the pile, the formation of the concrete pile after the sinking of such preparatory pile proceeding in the manner before described, or where the pile is to be formed in stable ground the preparatory pile may be completely removed from the opening before the filling in of the concrete, the metallic reinforcement being introduced either before or after the withdrawal of the preparatory pile,

as desired, and where the preparatory pile is removed before filling in the concrete the preparatory pile need not be hollow and need not have a valved or removable point.

As the upper portion of the pile only serves to transmit strains to the lower or embedded portion, it is not necessary that said upper portion should be as heavy as the lower portion. Hence I am enabled to effect a considerable saving in the amount of concrete necessary for the construction of the pile.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The mode herein described of making a concrete pile, said mode consisting in first driving or sinking a preparatory pile, then withdrawing the same and introducing concrete into the opening formed thereby, and, before or during such introduction of the concrete, inserting a metallic reinforce into the opening, substantially as specified.

2. The mode herein described of making a concrete pile, said mode consisting in first drivin(r or sinking a hollow preparatory pile, then s owly or intermittently withdrawing the same, and, during such withdrawal, introducing the concrete into the opening formed by the pile, and, before or during the introduction of the concrete, inserting a metallic reinforce into said opening, substantially as specified.

3. The mode herein described of forming a concrete pile, said mode consisting in first driving into the ground a hollow preparatory pile having a movable point, then slowly or intermittently withdrawing said preparatory pile, and, during such withdrawal, iiitroducing concrete into the opening formed thereby, and, before or during the introduction of the concrete, inserting a metallic reinforce into the opening, substantially as specified.

4'. The mode herein described of forming a concrete pile, said mode consisting in first driving or sinking a preparatory pile, then withdrawing the same and introducing concrete into the opening formed thereby, and, before or during such introduction of the concrete, inserting into the opening a tubular metallic reinforce having openings through which the concrete can pass laterally so as to embed the reinforce therein, substantially as specified.

5. The mode herein described of forming a concrete pile, said inode consisting in first driving or sinking a hollow preparatory pile, then slowly or intermittently withdrawing the same, and, during such withdrawal, introducing concrete into the opening formed thereby, and, before or during such introdue tion of the concrete, inserting into the opening a tubular metallic reinforce, having openings for the lateral passage of the concrete, substantially as specified.

6. The inode herein described of forming a concrete pile, said inode consisting in first driving a hollow preparatory pile having a movable point, then slowly oi intermittently withdrawing Isaid preparatory pile, and, as it is being withdrawn, introducing concrete through the saine into the opening formed -by it, and, before or during such introduction of the concrete, inserting into the opening a tubular metallic reinforce having openings through which the concrete can pass laterally so as to embed the reinforce therein,

substantially as specified.

7. The mode herein described of forming a concrete pile, said mode consisting first in driving or sinking a hollow preparatory pile, then slowly or intermittently withdrawing the same, and, during such withdrawal, introducing concrete through the hollow pile into the opening formed thereby, inserting a metallic reinforce into the hollow preparatory pile after the saine has been partially withdrawn and then continuing such withdrawal and the introduction of the concrete, so as to embed the metallic reinforce therein, substantially as specified.

8. rl`he mode herein described of forming a concrete pile, said mode consisting in first driving a hollow preparatory pile having a movable point, then slowly oi' intermittently withdrawing said pile, and, as it is being withdrawn, introducing coiiciete through it into the opening formed by it, inserting a metallic reinforce into the hollow pile after the saine has been partially withdrawn and then continuing such withdrawal, and the introduction of the concrete so as to efl'ect the embedding of the metallic reinforce in the latter, substantially as specified.

9. The mode herein described of forming a concrete pile, said mode consisting in first driving or sinking a hollow preparatory pile and then slowly or intermittently withdrawing the same, and, as it is being \\ithdra\\n, introducing concrete through the same into the opening which it has formed, introducing into the hollow preparatory pile, after the partial withdrawal of the saine, a tubular metallic reinforce having openings through ICC IIO

IIS

which the concrete can escape laterally, and y movable point, then slowly or intermittently `withdrawing said pile, and, as it is being. withdrawn, introducing concrete through 'it' into theopening which it has formed, intrometallic reinforce, substantially as specified.l

ducing into the preparatory pile, after it has been partially withdrawn, a tubular metallic reinforce having openings through which the concrete can escape laterally, and then continuing the withdrawal of the pile and introducing the concretethrough said tubular 11. The mode herein described of forming a concrete pile, said mode consisting in driving or sinking a hollow preparatory pile, then y partially withdrawing said pile and filling concrete through it into the opening which it has formed, then introducing into kthe hollow preparatory pile, a casing or `sheathing structure and then continuing the withdrawal Vof the hollow preparatory pile and filling the remainder of the concrete into said casin or sheathing structure, substantially as sp eci ed.

12. The mode herein described of forming .a concrete pile, said mode consisting in first driving or sinking a hollow preparatory ile, then partially withdrawing the same an introducing concrete through it into'the open'- ing which it has formed, and, before or during such introduction of the concrete, inserting into the hollow preparatory pile a metallic reinforce and-a casing or sheathing structure and then completin the withdrawal of the preparatory pile and 'lling in the remaining concrete through said casing or sheathing structure, substantially as specified.

13. The mode herein described of forming a concrete'pile, said mode consisting in first driving or sinking a hollow preparatory pile, then partially withdrawing the same and introducing concrete through it into the opening which it has formed, and, before or during suchjintro'duction of the concrete, inserting into the hollow preparatory pile a casing or sheathing structure, and a tubular metallic reinforce having openings through which the concrete can escape laterally, and then completing the withdrawal of the preparatory pile, and lling in the remaining concrete through said casing or sheathing structure and the tubular metallic reinforce, substantially as specified.

14. The mode herein described of forming a concrete pile, said mode consisting in drivin a hollow preparatory pile having a mov- `abile point, then partiallyv withdrawing said pile and filling concrete through it into the opening which it has formed, then introducing into the hollow preparatory pile a casing or sheathing structure, and then continuing the withdrawal of the hollow preparatory into' said casing or sheathingl structure, substantially as specified.

15. rIhe mode herein described of forming a concrete pile, said mode consisting in first driving a hollow preparatory pile having a movable point, then partially withdrawing said pile and introducing concrete through it into the opening whichfit has formed, and, before or during such introduction of the concrete, inserting into the hollow preparatory pile a metallic reinforce and acasing or sheathing structure, and then completingy the withdrawal of the preparatory pile and filling in the remaining concrete ,through said casing or sheathing structure, substantially as specified.

. 16. The molde herein described of forming a concrete pile, said mode consisting in first driving or sinking a hollow preparatory pile, then partially withdrawin the same and introducing concrete throu it into the opening which it has formed, t en inserting a metallic'reinforce into the hollow pile, continuing the withdrawal f the same and filling in the concrete so as to embed the metallic reinforce therein, then inserting a casing or sheathing structure into the hollow pile, completing the withdrawal of the same and lling y-the remainingl concrete into said casing or sheathing structure, substantially as specified.

17. The mode herein described of forming i a concrete pile,-said mode consisting in first driving or sinking a hollow preparatory pile, then partially withdrawin the same and introducing concrete throug it into the opening which it has-formed, then inserting into the hollow pile a tubular metallic reinforce having openings through which the concrete can escape llaterally, then continuing the withdrawal of the pile and introducing the IOO concrete through said tubular metallic reinforce, then inserting a casing or sheathing structure into the hollow pile, and then completing the withdrawal of said pile and filling the remaining concrete into said casing or sheathing structure, substantially as specified.

18. A concrete pile havingk its lower portion of greater diameter than the upper portion and having a metallic reinforce contained in said contracted upper portion of the pile and extending down into the lower ortion of the same, substantially as s ecifie.

19. A concrete pile having its ower por- IIO tion of greater diameter than the upper portion and having a metallic reinforce vcontained in said contracted upper portion of the pile and extending art way into the eX anded lower portion ofp the pile, substantia y as specified. Y

20. A concrete pile having its lower portion of greater diameter than its upper portion and having embedded in said upper portion a tubular metallic reinforce which extendsdown into the lower portion vof the pile,

pile'and filling .the remainder of the concrete 'y substantially as specified.

21. A concrete pile having its lower portion of greater diameter than its upper portion, said upper portion havinga casing or sheathing and an internal metallic reinforce, substantially as specified.

22. A concrete pile having its lower portion of greater diameter than its upper portion, said upper portion having a casing or sheathing and an internal metallic reinforce, consisting of a tubular structure with openings therein for the reception of the concrete, substantially as specified.

23. A concrete pile having an internal nietallic reinforce and an external casing or sheathing Which extends throughout only the upper portion of the pile, substantially as specified.

24. A concrete pile having a tubular 1no tallic reinforce embedded therein, and haw ing an external casing or sheathing which extends throughout only the upper portion of the pile, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof l have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

FRANK SHUMAN.

Witnesses:

WALTER CHISM, Jos. H. KLEIN. 

